Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE, UHMW) is a subset of the thermoplastic polyethylene. Also known as high-modulus polyethylene, (HMPE), or high-performance polyethylene (HPPE), it has extremely long chains, with a molecular mass usually between 2 and 6 million u. The longer chain serves to transfer load more effectively to the polymer backbone by strengthening intermolecular interactions. This results in a very tough material, with the highest impact strength of any thermoplastic presently made.
UHMWPE is odorless, tasteless, and nontoxic. It is highly resistant to corrosive chemicals except oxidizing acids; has extremely low moisture absorption and a very low coefficient of friction; is self-lubricating; and is highly resistant to abrasion, in some forms being 15 times more resistant to abrasion than carbon steel. Its coefficient of friction is significantly lower than that of nylon and acetal, and is comparable to that of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon), but UHMWPE has better abrasion resistance than PTFE.
| General Properties : | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Properties | ASTM Test Method | Units | UHMWPE |
| Density | D792 | gm/cm3 | 0.926 – 0.934 |
| Water absorption, | D570 | % | Nil |
| Mechanical Properties | ASTM Test Method | Units | UHMWPE |
| Tensile Strength at yield | D638 | MPa (ksi) | 21 (3.1) |
| Tensile Strength at break | D638 | MPa (ksi) | 48 (7.9) |
| Elongation at break | D638 | % | 350 |
| Young’s Modulus | |||
| At 23°C (73°F) | D638 | GPa (106 psi) | 0.69 (0.10) |
| At -40°C (-450°F) | D638 | GPa (106 psi) | 0.69 (0.10) |
| Izod Impact Strength | |||
| At -40°C (-450°F) | D256 (a) | kJ/m (ft. lb/in.) Notch |
1.1 (21) |
| At -40°C (-450°F) | D256 (a) | kJ/m (ft. lb/in.) Notch |
1.1 (21) |
| Hardness, Shore D | D2240 | —- | 62 – 66 |
| Abrasion Resistance | —- | —- | 100 |
| Relative solution viscosity | D4020 | dL/g | 2.3 – 3.5 |
| Thermal Properties | ASTM Test Method | Units | UHMWPE |
| Crystalline melting range, powder |
Polarizing Microscope |
°C (°F) | 138 – 142 (280 – 289) |
| Electrical Properties | ASTM Test Method | Units | UHMWPE |
| Volume Resistivity | D257 | ohm-cm | 5 X 1014 |
| Dielectric Strength | D149 | - | 2.7 |
| Dielectric Constant | D150 | - | 0.001 |
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